Private SIM and Phone Number options/services [EU]

Phone Number

Introduction

Hello there! This document will guide you through all privacy-friendly phone number protection options available for users from the EU. When I was creating this guide, I performed deep and scrupulous research to give you the most accurate, unbiased and reliable info. Creation of this document took around 1 month of afternoon and weekend work, so I hope it will be helpful for you.

This guide does not aim to recommend services to you, but to provide a trustworthy and structured map of possibilities to choose from based on your own needs and opinion. Regardless of what you choose, you need to perform your own targeted research before trusting a provider, because it is practically impossible to describe every pro, con, quirk, etc., etc. in one document. Furthermore, this guide doesn't claim to be 100% correct, as that is impossible. Besides, the information is constantly changing. Never trust a statement on the internet without cross-source checks and research.

This guide was built from information and sources as of October 2026. In this document I pretty often directly point to sources and community discussions, all available embedded and in the sources list. Also note that if you want to learn more about a service, please visit the links in the sources for the full content.

Why was this guide created?

Oh, the answer is pretty simple. See, there are a lot of recommendations for US citizens online, but almost none for the EU due to strict regulation and different laws. For me, back in the day, as an EU citizen, it was really hard to find a good trustworthy service to fully get rid of identifiable phone numbers. What makes it even harder is that my country has a mandatory ID, face and anus scan to buy any SIM. So I decided to create this guide to give people in the same situation as mine the ability to find their best service as painlessly as possible.

AI policy

In today's world, where Duck.AI claims that "about half of newly published English-language articles online are primarily AI-generated", and with LLM output constantly proving how misleading and unreliable it is, you may ask, "How did AI contribute to this document?"

I work as a developer and have constant interaction with LLMs, and I've seen all possible AI fuck-ups in a field environment. So I know for sure that AI is not a source of trust at all. Anyway, in the creation of this guide, AI was eventually involved, but the question is how, not if, because I think that in the current ever-evolving world, avoiding LLMs is just stupid. You cannot escape new technologies. You need to subjugate them.

So how exactly was AI used?

Everything produced by an LLM was carefully checked with 0 trust in mind

AI was never used to perform research or to find facts on its own, nor for writing the document itself, nor for automated source verification, nor for automated review of statements.

AI was used to search for articles, sites and statements (aka AI search), to analyze huge amounts of data and highlight only the needed parts with a careful recheck afterwards, to stylize and improve text already written by a human, and to organize data, aka the sources list.

The threat model

The EFF warned in 2018 that mobile numbers are becoming de facto national identifiers, "with the added problem that they were never private in the first place." Since then, nothing has improved. 6 failure modes cover nearly every bad outcome:

1. Registration linkage. Carrier or VoIP provider writes your ID next to the number in a database that outlives you.

2. Operator visibility. Whoever runs the number reads every OTP you receive. There is no technical fix for this, only a choice of who the operator is.

3. Recycling. The Princeton study found that 19 of 200 recycled numbers still received security-sensitive messages, which lets the next owner hijack accounts with SMS recovery.

4. Channel attacks. SS7 interception and SIM swap attacks bypass SMS entirely.

5. A quieter failure applies mostly to VoIP: banks and platforms classify numbers through carrier databases as mobile, fixed VoIP, or non-fixed VoIP, and many reject anything that is not a genuine mobile line.

6. Regulators are closing in on the anonymous SIM. Cullen International found that 19 of 28 European countries mandate prepaid registration (October 2025), and a Polish paper at the EU Law Enforcement Working Party calls prepaid anonymity "a tool for criminal activity," even though GSMA studies and a 2007 UK expert group found no evidence registration reduces crime. The European Court of Human Rights upheld Germany's rules in Breyer v. Germany. The complainant, MEP Patrick Breyer, now recommends only the Netherlands and Denmark as EU options. The United States has no such law, but FCC document 26-27 proposes requiring carriers and VoIP providers to collect each customer's name, address, government ID number, and an alternate phone number before activation. The EFF, ACLU, and CDT oppose it. 50 state attorneys general support it. It is still a proposal, but if finalized, every US-number option in this guide loses its anonymity at once. Meanwhile, roughly 155 countries mandate registration.

Cash prepaid SIM from a no-registration country

This is the strongest route available today. You go to a country where a SIM card is still an ordinary retail product, pay cash, and walk out with a number that no database connects to you. No VoIP classification for platforms to reject.

General requirements, identical for every country and every variant below:

1. Buy the card factory-sealed, in cash, at a supermarket, newsagent, or gas station rather than a branded operator store (operator stores like to ask for a passport even where no law does). Assume CCTV covers the purchase. It records a body, not a name, but dress accordingly if that matters to you.

2. Dedicated device. The card goes into a phone you use for nothing else, never your daily phone. Power it the first time somewhere that is not your home, ideally with VoWiFi + airplane mode already configured, so the first tower attachment or first ePDG connection does not leak your home location.

3. Airplane mode with Wi-Fi on, Wi-Fi calling enabled. The number lives over VoWiFi, not over radio towers. If you want to stay anonymous, stay in airplane mode so your location is not shared through cell tower connections. Also see INFO/WARN block below about IMEI exposure and location-based de-anonymization.

4. Put the VPN on the router or travel router, not on the phone. A WireGuard tunnel on your gateway, exiting through a trusted no-log provider, covers the phone's traffic including Wi-Fi calling. The reason is explained in WARN block below.

5. Keep-alive routine on a calendar. Prepaid numbers die from neglect, usually after 3 to 12 months of inactivity.

6. Never port the number. Porting creates a registration record in most jurisdictions and destroys the one property that made the trip worthwhile.

In-person cash purchase

Below are law and community-confirmed options as of October 2026. You can find the actual list in the fandom wiki, the PikaSim list, the GhostSims list, or just DuckDuckGo it. Also, foreign number acceptance must be tested before you commit the number to anything important.

This list was built from my own experience, community discussions, wikis, legal documents, and search results. I have tried to make it as accurate as possible, but it may still lack countries that belong here, and it may include countries that no longer do. If you have first-hand knowledge of your country, please correct the record.

Czech Republic. The most consistently confirmed holdout (SIMology, Prepaid SIM wiki, r/MapPorn, r/europrivacy, r/privacy, r/Prague, r/czech, r/czechrepublic, r/Prague, r/privacy). No registration law. Cards cost a few euros, all 3 networks (T-Mobile, O2, Vodafone) sell prepaid, and the number stays active for 12 months after the last top-up. Roaming across the EU is included.

Netherlands. No ID and no registration obligation for prepaid. Dutch consumer sources state this directly (Anoniem Internetten, r/Netherlands, GrapheneOS forum, r/MapPorn, r/privacy). Lebara, KPN, Vodafone, and Odido starters are everywhere. The clock is stricter than in Czechia. Most Dutch carriers want a top-up or outgoing use roughly every 6 months, and top-up vouchers (beltegoedbonnen) bought with cash keep the chain clean.

Netherlands. No registration policy (nadanada map, r/NewToDenmark, r/NewToDenmark, r/NewToDenmark, r/privacy), with a community confirmation of cash prepaid purchase. Fewer fresh reports than the 2 above.

Romania. The Constitutional Court struck down prepaid registration laws twice, in 2014 and again in 2020, and buying or holding a prepaid card requires no ID (Avocatnet, HotNews, r/Romania, r/Romania, r/Romania, r/privacy, r/AskRomania). The Interior Ministry keeps re-tabling the proposal, so the status is legally defended but politically unstable.

Finland. No mandatory registration. DNA's official prepaid page states that no registration or ID is needed (DNA, Prepaid SIM wiki, Monito, Nordic Expat, r/Finland, r/Finland, r/Finland, r/privacy).

UK. No registration law (Privacy Guides forum, r/privacy, r/privacy, r/eSIMs, GrapheneOS forum). EE, O2, giffgaff, and Lyca PAYG cards sell in supermarkets for cash.

Ireland. No registration (nadanada, SIMology, r/ireland, r/AskIreland, r/TravelHacks). You do not have to show ID to buy a prepaid SIM. Tesco checkouts and the Spar at Dublin Airport Terminal 2 both sell them.

Croatia. Mixed community evidence (r/privacy, r/europrivacy, r/europe, r/askcroatia). Positive reports describe buying a card outright, but the r/europe registration-map thread carries a Tele2 ID demand and r/askcroatia a claim that registration was recently implemented. Personally confirmed all the same: a cash purchase at a Tisak store in 2025, no ID requested.

Portugal. No registration (r/privacy, r/MapPorn, r/privacy, Hacker News). Card bought with no personal data given and cash accepted, and prepaid bought at Worten year after year with no registration ever requested. One contradicting report exists: Traveltomtom warns that buying on arrival at Lisbon Airport involves registration and waiting time.

Estonia. The position is hard to determine. Community sources (r/privacy, r/Eesti, r/Finland) say that no ID is required, that prepaids are simply grabbed off the shelf, and that kiosk purchases are routine. 3 newer travel guides state that identification is now required. Estonia Unlocked claims compulsory registration with valid identification for every new prepaid SIM card since 15 January 2024. All Net Packages states that SIM registration usually requires showing a passport or ID card. Gigago instructs travellers to bring a passport for registration. The reports are contradictory, so it is difficult to say anything with certainty. Can anyone who lives there confirm or deny this?

Bosnia. Still reported as kiosk-purchase-without-ID in 2026 (r/privacy, r/bosnia, r/MapPorn, Too Many Adapters). But the esim.net guide instructs travellers to bring a passport or ID for registration. Can anyone who lives there confirm or deny this?

Mail-order pre-activated cards

Someone in a no-registration country buys and activates the card, then ships it to you. You inherit every property of the in-person route, every exposure, and exactly 3 new problems. The first is inherited history. A card activated by someone else, possibly long ago, may carry a recycled number with previous-owner account associations. The second is that mail order reintroduces a delivery address, which the in-person route avoids entirely. The third is that any parcel can be intercepted during delivery.

ReadySIM

Dutch vendor that has sold Dutch SIM cards since 2010, first on eBay, through its own site since August 2023. Pre-activated anonymous Dutch +31 cards on Odido, KPN, Lebara, Vodafone, and top-up vouchers, so you can keep the card alive without ever touching a payment gateway. Real carrier SIMs, so non-VoIP by nature. Payment options include Bitcoin besides classic fiat payment methods. The right of withdrawal lasts 30 days from receipt and applies only to unused SIM cards in their original packaging. The web store collects all info that you give at payment, together with IP address, browser type and device type. Retention is limited to what is necessary for the stated purposes or legal obligations. Buyer reports on refunds are mixed. Trustpilot shows 4.5/5 across 209 reviews, but few independent community threads exist.

Simsup

Previously simsup.net. Anonymous physical SIM cards shipped worldwide, permanent eSIM data profiles in 130+ destinations from under 1 EUR, and the headline product, a real +372 Estonia mobile number with calls, SMS, and data for 29.95 EUR per year, renewable. The Estonian line is a real carrier number, non-VoIP, while the eSIM profiles are data-only and carry no number. Payment options include Bitcoin on-chain and Lightning, Monero, other coins through Trocador, and fiat. kycnot.me scores it 9/10, KYC level 0. The source code is private. The vendor's privacy policy states that records are kept only as long as support, refunds, and tax law require, and are then deleted or anonymized, that no cookies, client-side scripts, analytics, or tracking are used, that data is never sold. Refunds or replacements are offered within 7 days for eSIMs that were never installed, and approved refunds are issued in Monero without identity checks. The community reputation is strong, 4.7 from 10 on kycnot.me, and the service is mentioned in community discussions.

No-KYC data eSIM

Connectivity and identity stay separated. An anonymous data-only eSIM carries traffic, and a separate number service handles calls and SMS. The eSIM carrier sees a pseudonymous data subscriber. The number provider knows the number but not the location. Each party sees half a person.

Silent.Link

The most used service in the current category, operating since 2022. Data-only eSIMs in 160+ countries with automatic roaming, pay-as-you-go with no data limits, plus an option with an included number. The data eSIMs carry no number at all. The number option is not VoIP. Payment options include Bitcoin, Lightning, Monero, USDT and altcoins. kycnot.me scores it 8/10, KYC level 0, user rating 4.2 from 22 reviews. The order URL is the only credential, no other account data. The source code is private. The service has a nice privacy posture, and recomended among many privacy-focused sources. The refund policy is not published. The community reputation is good for the data-only eSIM option and mixed for the option with an included number. Data rates are as low as $0.83/GB across Europe and $1.60/GB in the USA.

Crypton.sh

A service with an extensive options list. UK-based, with 64K+ active users, live since 2018. SMS verification numbers, travel eSIMs in 145+ countries, Crypton Mobile, a permanent eSIM line with voice and SMS, physical SIM numbers, and email aliases. The options include both VoIP and non-VoIP numbers. Payment options include Bitcoin and Lightning, Monero, USDT, Ethereum, etc., as well as fiat. kycnot.me scores it 8/10, KYC level 0. Purchases work as a guest identified only by session UUIDs. The core service is not open source. The vendor publishes an encryption module and a security.txt with a PGP key. It also has a deep transparency stack, with a cryptographically signed warrant canary updated every 14 days and a transparency report that disclosed 2 valid law-enforcement requests with data provided. Message metadata is kept for 30 days and billing records for 7 years under UK law. Outgoing SMS messages are screened by an automated AI filter, and support complaints recur across threads. The vendor states end-to-end-encrypted contents are not accessible to them, and a law-enforcement transparency page is published. The kycnot.me user rating is 2.3 from 23 reviews and Trustpilot shows 2.9 from 38, with "poor customer support" flagged, while the service was positively mentioned in some community discussions. Refund rules are per product. Unused travel eSIM plans that never activated are refunded, while virtual numbers that fail 2FA and top-up balances are explicitly non-refundable.

Simsup

Previously simsup.net. Anonymous physical SIM cards shipped worldwide, permanent eSIM data profiles in 130+ destinations from under 1 EUR, and the headline product, a real +372 Estonia mobile number with calls, SMS, and data for 29.95 EUR per year, renewable. The Estonian line is a real carrier number, non-VoIP, while the eSIM profiles are data-only and carry no number. Payment options include Bitcoin on-chain and Lightning, Monero, other coins through Trocador, and fiat. kycnot.me scores it 9/10, KYC level 0. The source code is private. The vendor's privacy policy states that records are kept only as long as support, refunds, and tax law require, and are then deleted or anonymized, that no cookies, client-side scripts, analytics, or tracking are used, that data is never sold. Refunds or replacements are offered within 7 days for eSIMs that were never installed, and approved refunds are issued in Monero without identity checks. The community reputation is strong, 4.7 from 10 on kycnot.me, and the service is mentioned in community discussions.

Nadanada

The rebrand of LNVPN. A no-log WireGuard VPN from $0.50, data eSIMs from $0.99 across 200+ countries, disposable and rental phone numbers for SMS verification, and a free AI chat with no server-side conversation storage. Rental numbers are extendable receive-only numbers based in the UK. No account or email is required, and stored messages are deleted automatically when the subscription expires. The vendor does not state whether the SMS numbers are VoIP. Payment options include Lightning, Bitcoin, Monero etc. and card. kycnot.me scores it 8/10, KYC level 0, user rating 4.6 from 23 reviews. Source code is private. Web logs keep truncated IPs for 7 days, with no cookies and no account required anywhere. The policy states data is released only under legally valid process in the vendor's jurisdiction and never voluntarily. A disposable-number invoice with no code received within 20 minutes is cancelled automatically with the funds returning to your wallet, rental phone numbers are non-refundable once purchased and eSIM purchases refundable before activation.

Pikasim

A service with an extensive options list. eSIM data-only worldwide, eSIM phone plans with calls and SMS for 30 days max, non-VoIP one-time SMS and Non-VoIP rentals of up to 360 days. Payments by card, and Bitcoin, Lightning, and Monero, etc. The kycnot.me listing is a community submission scored 7/10, KYC level 0. The system is accountless with no email collected, authentication goes through the ICCID, a unique order link, or a wallet code. The core source code is private, but the service has a public Tor relay with a published fingerprint on Tor Metrics, an attested onion address, a public BTCPay instance, APK signing fingerprints. Analytics are self-hosted Plausible with no cookies, purchase attribution holds the IP address and user agent only from checkout until settlement and then deletes them, and server logs keep a truncated IP with the last part removed, with application logs deleted after 30 days. The Trustpilot review average is 4.0 from 3 reviews. The auto-refund applies only if no SMS arrives within 20 minutes for one-time numbers, or within 2 hours of purchase for rentals, and only if no messages were received on the rental and eSIM purchases refundable before activation. Financial services are explicitly disallowed on all rental numbers, and rentals carry a 25 SMS per day fair-use limit.

Stealths.net

Monero-first commerce shop, not primarily an eSIM provider, operating since its beta launch around 2023. eSIM plans are 1 catalog category with 120+ countries, alongside other privacy goods. The eSIMs are data-only, so they carry no number. Payments run in Monero, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, BNB, Litecoin, Tron and USDT. kycnot.me scores it 8/10, KYC level 0, user rating 3.2 from 9 reviews, also positively mentioned in community discussions. No account or personal details are required to make or track purchases. The source code is private. The terms state the service uses no tracking systems and does not collect or store customer IP addresses or browser fingerprints. No refunds for completed orders. Stealths can reject payments originating from mixers or illicit sources.

Long-term VoIP numbers

The EU consumer market for privacy VoIP with a European number has been regulated out of existence. MySudo exited France in 2016 and Germany in 2017 as KYC mandates for long codes arrived. In the UK it stayed in 2024 and added one-time identity verification for UK numbers instead. What remains is mostly US-based, and it works only where the receiving platform tolerates VoIP.

JMP

The community's long-standing default for a durable pseudonymous number, operated from Canada for 9 years, running on an open-source XMPP stack with the Cheogram client as the recommended frontend. Durable numbers cost 4.99 USD per month including calling, SMS and MMS. The numbers are US and Canadian only, portable in and out, and multiple numbers can sit under one account. The numbers are VoIP. Payment options are Monero, Bitcoin, cards and cash. kycnot.me gives it 7/10, KYC level 2, user rating 4.4 from 5 reviews, with identity-free registration. The source code is open. Text metadata and content are retained for up to 7 days, and MMS media or voicemails for up to 30 days. The phone network encrypts neither metadata nor content. The community reputation shows consistently positive evidence for durability and support. No fixed refund window, and refunds are handled case by case through the operator's human support channel.

MySudo

MySudo creates compartmentalized profiles, each with its own number and email. The operator is the established Anonyome Labs, with published security certifications. Plans come with 1, 3, or 9 numbers, and each profile has its own number and email. The numbers are VoIP. US and Canadian numbers require no KYC, while UK numbers require one-time identity verification. Payment is by card and PayPal only, no crypto. The service is not listed on kycnot.me. The source code is proprietary. Trustpilot gives 3.1 from 7 reviews. The operator's staff state that US and Canadian numbers worked on European services in their own staff trials. Official availability covers Australia, Canada, Germany, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, the UK and the US, so within the EU the app officially operates in Germany alone, though it can still be used in any other country. Accounts may be blocked when used from an unsupported country, and the lock is permanent (reddit discussion). MySudo states that it cannot decrypt user communications because the only decryption key sits on the device, and that it processes usage metadata to detect misuse. It discloses data only under proper legal process while reserving the right to notify users of a request if permitted. It has a decent community posture, especially among US users.

Crypton.sh

A service with an extensive options list. UK-based, with 64K+ active users, live since 2018. SMS verification numbers, travel eSIMs in 145+ countries, Crypton Mobile, a permanent eSIM line with voice and SMS, physical SIM numbers, and email aliases. The options include both VoIP and non-VoIP numbers. Payment options include Bitcoin and Lightning, Monero, USDT, Ethereum, etc., as well as fiat. kycnot.me scores it 8/10, KYC level 0. Purchases work as a guest identified only by session UUIDs. The core service is not open source. The vendor publishes an encryption module and a security.txt with a PGP key. It also has a deep transparency stack, with a cryptographically signed warrant canary updated every 14 days and a transparency report that disclosed 2 valid law-enforcement requests with data provided. Message metadata is kept for 30 days and billing records for 7 years under UK law. Outgoing SMS messages are screened by an automated AI filter, and support complaints recur across threads. The vendor states end-to-end-encrypted contents are not accessible to them, and a law-enforcement transparency page is published. The kycnot.me user rating is 2.3 from 23 reviews and Trustpilot shows 2.9 from 38, with "poor customer support" flagged, while the service was positively mentioned in some community discussions. Refund rules are per product. Unused travel eSIM plans that never activated are refunded, while virtual numbers that fail 2FA and top-up balances are explicitly non-refundable.

One-Time SMS Activation/X-Term Rental Services

Use 1 number per service, never reused, to avoid correlation. The discipline after the code arrives is identical regardless of provider. Bind a TOTP app or passkey immediately, add a recovery email you control, remove the number from the account where the service permits it, then test email-only recovery before the number expires. The number is disposable. Build the account so it can stand without it.

A rental is a number held exclusively by you for a defined window, long enough to register an account properly and migrate it to second factors you control. Nobody else reads your codes in that period. The point of failure is the moment the window closes, when the number returns to a pool with your account associations riding on it.

SMSpool

The community default, a Dutch-registered service with 6 years of operation. It provides one-time codes and long-term rentals, max 360 days. Token-style accounts that need no email. The numbers are non-VoIP. Payments run through Bitcoin and Lightning, card, cash. Due to EU MiCA and incoming AMLR compliance requirements, SMSPool says it can no longer accept Monero directly. It's still available through their official resellers. kycnot.me gives it 4/10, KYC level 3, with user rating 3.3 from 24 reviews. The source code is private. The vendor publishes a privacy statement and privacy policy, which say the stored set is limited to what you provide, such as username, password, email, deposit IDs, deposit amounts, refunds, and order history. Trustpilot sits at 3.0/5 across 406 reviews. The community posture was previously strong, but it is falling over time. Failed one-time orders are refunded automatically as credit when no SMS arrives, while eSIMs are explicitly non-refundable. Numbers cannot be used for banking, cryptocurrency, identity verification, telecom, or government services. The retained set includes username, email, deposit history and assigned addresses, order history, the country, service, number, verification code, and the full text of every SMS until the account is deleted, with session and device cookies lasting 30 and 90 days, Cloudflare seeing connection data, and one-way IP hashes for abuse records where raw IPs are claimed not to be stored on the account. A transparency report is published, showing 6 valid requests with data provided, user notification where legally permitted.

5sim

The budget option, a one-time SMS only service. One-time SMS from $0.01 per number, varying by service, with automatic refunds if no SMS arrives within 15 minutes, and refund claims subject to a 5-day window. A number's period is also 15 minutes. The VoIP status is unknown, and numbers are supplied by third-party operators. Payment options are card, Bitcoin, Lightning, Monero. The source code is private. The vendor collects the account email, location, OS, browser, device, screen resolution, traffic source, pages visited, and IP address. Service's own cookie table listing 12-month user identifiers and a cookie that detects ad-blocker use, with no defined period. Disclosure to bodies of inquiry, investigation, the Federal Tax Service, and other authorized authorities as legislation requires. The origin of service points to Russia. The policies and terms are poorly written, but still better than Tiger SMS. Refund applications are considered within 30 business days. Invalid-number claims and parts of the return policy appear copied from an unrelated software-hosting template. The kycnot.me listing is a community submission, with 5/10, KYC level 2 and user rating 2.7 from 2 reviews. Trustpilot sits at 2.1/5 across 202 reviews. Community reports of dead numbers appear often. I was thinking about removing this entry, but I decided to leave it in with an explicit recommendation against using it.

Textverified

US-only service selling real mobile numbers, with rentals from days to months. One-time SMS verification is sold per service, and voice verification is available in addition to SMS. The numbers work with SMS from banks, brokerage firms, etc. The numbers are non-VoIP. Payment options include cards, Bitcoin, Lightning, Monero, USDT, Ethereum, etc. Credits for failed verifications are refunded automatically when no SMS or call is received, but cryptocurrency payments are never refunded, and credit or monetary refunds are assessed case by case within a 30-day window. The source code is private. Service collects name and email at registration, plus IP address, browser type, ISP, access date and time, pages visited, and click counts, and cookies from third-party advertising providers, with data retained as long as necessary and potentially for extended periods, and shared with external service providers and with authorities when required by law or legal process. Trustpilot rates it Poor, 1.9/5 across about 89 reviews. kycnot.me gives 6/10, KYC level 1, user rating 4.5 from 2 reviews. It also has a mixed community posture.

Tiger SMS

Another budget service with one-time VoIP numbers. One-time numbers plus a free public tier where anyone can receive the SMS on a shared number. The numbers are VoIP. Payment options are limited, USDT and fiat. Service collects email, IP address, browser and plugin details, time zone, operating system, and fine-grained usage data. The policy reserves the right to KYC. Really badly written and stupid policies with unclear statements, like a fee of 50 rubles every 3 months. The source code is private. No refunds for software bugs, though payments for numbers that receive no SMS are refunded automatically. Once a single number has been activated, the entire remaining balance becomes non-refundable, and deposits older than 1 week cannot be refunded. Account data is retained for the life of the account, with activity logging reserved and post-deletion retention for legal, anti-money-laundering, and fraud-deterrence purposes. Trustpilot rates it Poor, 2.1/5 across about 40 reviews. There is no extensive community feedback. I was thinking about removing this entry, but I decided to leave it in with an explicit recommendation against using it.

sms4sats

The Lightning-only service. It provides one-time numbers as well as rentals of up to 30 days, and temporary email activations. Failed SMS attempts are cancelled and refunded within 20 minutes, while rentals and reactivations of a previously used number are non-refundable. sms4sats has an accountless model. Rentals are non-refundable once a number is allocated, and a rented number may not work for every service. Payments exclusively through Bitcoin Lightning hold invoices, with no accounts and no stored balances. The source code is private. There is no formal privacy policy, no terms of service. kycnot.me gives it 7/10, KYC level 1, user rating 3.9 from 5 reviews. Trustpilot review average is 3.7 from 1 review. No community discussions were found.

Pikasim

A service with an extensive options list. eSIM data-only worldwide, eSIM phone plans with calls and SMS for 30 days max, non-VoIP one-time SMS and Non-VoIP rentals of up to 360 days. Payments by card, and Bitcoin, Lightning, and Monero, etc. The kycnot.me listing is a community submission scored 7/10, KYC level 0. The system is accountless with no email collected, authentication goes through the ICCID, a unique order link, or a wallet code. The core source code is private, but the service has a public Tor relay with a published fingerprint on Tor Metrics, an attested onion address, a public BTCPay instance, APK signing fingerprints. Analytics are self-hosted Plausible with no cookies, purchase attribution holds the IP address and user agent only from checkout until settlement and then deletes them, and server logs keep a truncated IP with the last part removed, with application logs deleted after 30 days. The Trustpilot review average is 4.0 from 3 reviews. The auto-refund applies only if no SMS arrives within 20 minutes for one-time numbers, or within 2 hours of purchase for rentals, and only if no messages were received on the rental and eSIM purchases refundable before activation. Financial services are explicitly disallowed on all rental numbers, and rentals carry a 25 SMS per day fair-use limit.

FelixMerchant

It has a wide range of services not limited to number rental. Verification is sold per app, voice call verification, rentals up to 360 days. Many prices look way overpriced compared to rivals, and the number type is not stated. The email address and the name entered at checkout are stored, in addition to the IP address. Payment options include PayPal, cards, Bitcoin, Monero and altcoins. NOWPayments is a third-party payment gateway with the possibility of blocks or KYC. An additional number is free of cost until an SMS arrives. SMS retention is stated only as "stored temporarily and automatically deleted after a short time," with no fixed period. The reputation record is mixed and thin. Trustpilot sits at 4.2/5 across roughly 80 reviews, and the service is well known in the community, but reports mention number unreliability.

JuicySMS

Service with one-time numbers from the USA, UK, Netherlands, Poland and the Philippines, billed only for successfully delivered SMS from 0.50 EUR, with a reuse discount of up to 50 percent on follow-up messages to the same number. For the long term, it offers a dedicated private number from the UK or Netherlands, starting at 15 EUR per month. The number type is not stated. You must register with an email and maintain a $10 minimum deposit balance. The source code is private. The policy discloses an extensive tracking chain of analytics and advertising. Payments by card, Bitcoin, Lightning, Monero, USDT, Ethereum, etc. kycnot.me gives 6/10, KYC level 2, user rating 2.5 from 3 reviews. Trustpilot sits at 4.3/5 across 661 reviews.

MoneroSMS

A Monero-centric service selling numbers on a per-month subscription, US only. A virtual US number at $3.60 per month plus per-message billing, with a real SIM at higher cost. There is no one-time product. The number is yours while you keep paying. Payment options include Monero, Bitcoin, fiat, and altcoins accepted manually. The client source code is open on GitHub. The privacy section states that text messages and their associated metadata are stored to operate the service, that payment history is kept forever, and that systems scan messages for abuse, with data shared on suspected serious crime. Refunds are case by case, and a number used for any purpose will likely not be refunded. kycnot.me gives 7/10, KYC level 1, user rating 3.3 from 5 reviews. MoneroSMS revokes your phone number permanently if your balance is insufficient to cover monthly fees.

Quackr

A big identity-masking service moving toward a structure like MySudo with the recent Quackr ID release. The product list includes free numbers (VoIP), rentals of up to 12 months with non-VoIP options, private email addresses with an inbox, and Quackr ID. Support replaces a number that fails for a platform, and refunds only apply if it cannot be made to work and is unused. An account requires an email address. Payment options include Bitcoin and Lightning, Monero, etc., as well as fiat. The source code is private. The privacy policy is an advertising-network policy, disclosing interest-based advertising, mobile advertising identifiers such as IDFA and the Google Advertising ID, cross-device tracking, consent-based geolocation, data acquired from third parties and consumer data resellers, licensing of marketing segments to outside marketers, and a list of roughly 70 advertising vendors. Suspected illicit funds may be frozen and reported without notice. Accounts and numbers may be suspended or deleted after a vendor-determined inactivity period with no notice. A super controversial and scary policy, with the service itself outlined as 2 independent entities. kycnot.me community entry gives 5/10, KYC level 3. Trustpilot sits at 4.0+/5 across 1,344 reviews, with a fake-reviews warning, so the exact rating is not established. I was thinking about removing this entry, but I decided to leave it in with an explicit recommendation against using it.

Nadanada

The rebrand of LNVPN. A no-log WireGuard VPN from $0.50, data eSIMs from $0.99 across 200+ countries, disposable and rental phone numbers for SMS verification, and a free AI chat with no server-side conversation storage. Rental numbers are extendable receive-only numbers based in the UK. No account or email is required, and stored messages are deleted automatically when the subscription expires. The vendor does not state whether the SMS numbers are VoIP. Payment options include Lightning, Bitcoin, Monero etc. and card. kycnot.me scores it 8/10, KYC level 0, user rating 4.6 from 23 reviews. Source code is private. Web logs keep truncated IPs for 7 days, with no cookies and no account required anywhere. The policy states data is released only under legally valid process in the vendor's jurisdiction and never voluntarily. A disposable-number invoice with no code received within 20 minutes is cancelled automatically with the funds returning to your wallet, rental phone numbers are non-refundable once purchased and eSIM purchases refundable before activation.

Crypton.sh

A service with an extensive options list. UK-based, with 64K+ active users, live since 2018. SMS verification numbers, travel eSIMs in 145+ countries, Crypton Mobile, a permanent eSIM line with voice and SMS, physical SIM numbers, and email aliases. The options include both VoIP and non-VoIP numbers. Payment options include Bitcoin and Lightning, Monero, USDT, Ethereum, etc., as well as fiat. kycnot.me scores it 8/10, KYC level 0. Purchases work as a guest identified only by session UUIDs. The core service is not open source. The vendor publishes an encryption module and a security.txt with a PGP key. It also has a deep transparency stack, with a cryptographically signed warrant canary updated every 14 days and a transparency report that disclosed 2 valid law-enforcement requests with data provided. Message metadata is kept for 30 days and billing records for 7 years under UK law. Outgoing SMS messages are screened by an automated AI filter, and support complaints recur across threads. The vendor states end-to-end-encrypted contents are not accessible to them, and a law-enforcement transparency page is published. The kycnot.me user rating is 2.3 from 23 reviews and Trustpilot shows 2.9 from 38, with "poor customer support" flagged, while the service was positively mentioned in some community discussions. Refund rules are per product. Unused travel eSIM plans that never activated are refunded, while virtual numbers that fail 2FA and top-up balances are explicitly non-refundable.

Conclusion

As I've said before, this guide does not aim to recommend services to you, but to provide a trustworthy and structured map of possibilities to choose from based on your own needs and opinion. Regardless of what you choose, you need to perform your own targeted research before trusting a provider, because it is practically impossible to describe every pro, con, quirk, etc. in one document. Furthermore, this guide doesn't claim to be 100% correct, as that is impossible. Besides, the information is constantly changing. Never trust a statement on the internet without cross-source checks and research.

This guide includes plenty of options, and I recommend reading all of them, but anyway, for your convenience I provide the best from every section and why they are the best below.

Real SIM

Cash prepaid from Czechia. I've placed it in the so-called "best list" because it has the most reliable posture and continuous positive community feedback. If you can travel there in person, nothing else comes close.

Cash prepaid from the Netherlands. This entry is also good, with plenty of community proofs. Also, many services sell Dutch SIMs, which can be used as proof on its own, with ReadySIM as a living example of that. The clock is stricter than in Czechia, with a top-up or outgoing use roughly every 6 months.

Cash prepaid from Denmark. Still better than anything else in the list, despite fewer fresh reports than Czechia and the Netherlands. One contradicting report exists, so test the number before you commit it to anything important.

I haven't added any entry from the mail delivery section, because it's better to minimize points of failure. Delivery is a huge threat alongside the delivery address.

No-KYC data eSIM

Silent.Link. The most used service in the category, with long-lasting positive community feedback, and recommended by many privacy-focused sources. Nice privacy posture.

Crypton. Despite the mixed reviews and poor support, the service demonstrates a nice transparency and privacy posture, alongside a long operating history and a big client base.

Pikasim. Has a good transparency and privacy posture, not as good as Crypton, but better than most in this guide. This service has positive community feedback and is recommended by privacy-focused sources.

Long-Term VoIP

JMP. The community's long-standing default, 9 years old, fully open source, identity-free registration. The reputation evidence for durability and support is consistently positive.

X-Term numbers

SMSpool. The community default, 6 years old. It provides decent privacy and transparency. The community posture was previously strong, but it is falling over time.

Pikasim. Has a good transparency and privacy posture, not as good as Crypton, but better than most in this guide. This service has positive community feedback and is recommended by privacy-focused sources.

Crypton. Despite the mixed reviews and poor support, the service demonstrates a nice transparency and privacy posture, alongside a long operating history and a big client base.

Textverified. The best option for banks, but with medium privacy and low transparency. Community reports are mixed.

Sources

Every claim in this guide was constructed and checked against the sources below as for the October 2026.

Regulation and country status

• Cullen International | 19 EU countries mandate the registration of prepaid customers link [2025-10]

• Privacy International | Timeline of SIM card registration laws link [2022]

• Privacy International | SIM Card Registration explainer link [2020]

• The Local | Sweden's ban on unregistered prepaid SIMs link [2022-08-01]

• LSM.lv | Unregistered SIM cards to be banned in Latvia link [2026-03-03]

• Alertify | Bite Latvija stops new prepaid SIM sales link [2026]

• LRT | Lithuania adopts compulsory registration of SIM cards link [-]

• LRT | End to anonymity: Lithuania to require SIM registration link [-]

• Statewatch | EU officials discuss banning anonymous use of mobile phones link [2025-03]

• Council of the EU | Polish paper for the Law Enforcement Working Party (ST-5556-2025) link [2025]

• Statewatch | UK expert group found no evidence registration reduces crime link [2020-01]

• Patrick Breyer | ECtHR ruling on mandatory SIM registration (case 50001/12) link [-]

• ECtHR | Breyer v. Germany, judgment (HUDOC) link [-]

• EDRi | Romania 2014 constitutional court ruling link [2014]

• EDRi | Romania 2020 constitutional court ruling link [2020]

• Avocatnet | CCR decision on prepaid cards entered into force (RO) link [-]

• HotNews | prepaid-with-ID ordinance unconstitutional (RO) link [-]

• G4Media | Romanian Interior Ministry re-tables prepaid ID proposal (RO) link [-]

• forforeignerspoland.com | SIM cards under the Polish Anti-Terrorism Act link [2026-01]

• nadanada | SIM registration laws by country map link [2026-08]

• PikaSim | SIM card registration laws by country list link [2026-10]

• GhostSims | SIM card registration laws by country, full list link [2026-10]

• Simology | SIM registration requirements by country link [2026]

• Prepaid SIM wiki | Registration policies per country link [2026-10]

• mybestsim | EU anonymous SIM ban analysis link [2026]

• Gigago | Czech SIM cards without ID link [2026]

• DNA | official Finnish prepaid page, no registration or ID needed link [2026-10]

• Anoniem Internetten | are prepaid SIM cards anonymous in the Netherlands (NL) link [-]

• Phone Travel Wiz | buying a SIM card in the Czech Republic link [2025]

• dejure.org | § 111 TKG (version in force until 2021-11-30), data for law-enforcement disclosure link [-]

• Bundesverfassungsgericht | 2012 ruling describing the § 111 TKG obligations link [2012-03]

• Legifrance | Article L. 34-1 CPCE (subscriber data retention obligation, France) link [-]

• MiCA | official regulation site link [2026-10]

• EUR-Lex | Anti-Money-Laundering Regulation (AMLR) 2024/1624 link [-]

• GSMA | Mobile Policy Handbook: mandatory registration of prepaid SIMs (72% of subscriptions prepaid at end-2020, 160 governments, unproven crime link) link [-]

• GSMA | Mandatory registration of prepaid SIM cards, policy resource link [-]

• GSMA | Mandatory SIM registration: policy and regulatory perspectives in the absence of data protection laws link [-]

• GSMA newsroom | Mandatory 'real name' registration of prepaid SIM card users: considerations for policymakers link [-]

• Privacy International | SIM Card Registration learn page link [-]

FCC 26-27 Know-Your-Customer proposal (United States)

• FCC | FCC 26-27: KYC proposal for originating voice providers link [2026-04]

• FCC | news release: proposes strengthening Know-Your-Customer rules link [2026-04]

• Federal Register | Combatting Illegal Robocalls Through FCC Numbering Policies (KYC implementation) link [2026-05-08]

• Federal Register | FCC 26-27 FNPRM, Enhancing Know-Your-Customer Requirements link [2026-05]

• California Attorney General | state AGs' reply comments in support link [2026-07-27]

• FCC | Consumer Policy Division docket page link [2026]

• FCC | SIM-swap and port-out fraud rules, FCC 23-95 link [2023-11]

• Fortune | FCC proposal could spell the end of the burner phone link [2026-07-14]

• CommLaw Group | analysis of the FCC's expanded KYC proposal link [2026]

• Didit | FCC KYC for voice providers, analysis link [-]

Technical standards and research

• EFF | The Devil Is in the Details of Project Verify link [2018-10]

• EFF SSD | Mobile Phones: Location Tracking link [2024-11]

• EFF | Gotta Catch 'Em All: understanding how IMSI-catchers exploit cell networks link [-]

• EFF | EFF to FCC: SS7 is vulnerable, telecoms must acknowledge link [2024-07]

• EFF | Surveillance Self-Defense International link [-]

• Princeton University | Security and Privacy Risks of Number Recycling (eCrime 2021) link [2021]

• de Montjoye et al. | Unique in the Crowd, Scientific Reports link [2013]

• Chlosta et al. | 5G SUCI-Catchers: Still catching them all? (ACM WiSec '21) link [2021]

• P1sec | 5G-AKA linkability attacks: why 5G did not kill the IMSI catcher link [-]

• media.ccc.de | Tobias Engel: SS7. Locate. Track. Manipulate. (31C3 recording) link [2014]

• The Verge | SS7 access resold on dark web for $500/month link [2017-06]

• Ludlow Institute | Buying someone's real-time location is shockingly cheap link [-]

• ACLU | FBI pressures police to keep cell-site simulator use secret link [2020]

• St. Louis Post-Dispatch | case dropped rather than disclose simulator use link [2015]

• 3GPP TS 24.302 | Access to the EPC via non-3GPP access networks link [-]

• ETSI | TS 24.302 PDF delivery link [-]

• Cisco | ePDG User Equipment Identity in IKE_AUTH link [-]

• Cisco | IPSec Reference, StarOS 21.23: User Equipment Identity in IKE_AUTH link [2021-10]

• RFC 7255 | IMEI URN as a SIP Instance ID link [2014-05]

• Wi Not Calling | ACSAC 2018 paper page link [2018-12]

• Wi Not Calling | authors' PDF link [2018-12]

• working-group-two | Catch IMSI from a VoWiFi session link [2020-03]

• Insinuator | A Journey Into the Depths of VoWiFi Security link [2016-10]

• P1sec | VoWiFi Security: how Wi-Fi Calling exposes the ePDG and IPsec to real risk link [2026-10]

• GrapheneOS | FAQ, cellular tracking and airplane mode link [-]

• Zimperium | IMSI-catcher detection limits link [-]

• Security Stack Exchange | why IMEI cannot be changed link [-]

GrapheneOS forum (VoWiFi and VPN bypass)

• WiFi Calling bypasses VPN (thread 3158) link [2022]

• VoWiFi to respect VPN (thread 27842) link [2024]

• EU-related anonym SIM cards and experiences (thread 15454) link [-]

• Guide: anonymously use any network provider using disposable eSIMs (thread 15471) link [-]

• Hardening Always-on VPN (thread 1233) link [-]

• Revisiting VPN always-on/killswitch hardening (thread 24131) link [-]

Vendor documentation

First-party pages, used for product facts only and treated with skepticism throughout.

• Silent.Link | service homepage link [2026-10]

• Silent.Link | rates and plans link [2026]

• Crypton.sh | service homepage link [2026]

• Crypton.sh | law enforcement and data retention page link [2026]

• Crypton.sh | warrant canary, PGP-signed, updated every 14 days or less link [2026-10]

• Crypton.sh | transparency report, 2026 showing 2 valid requests from Norwegian and Swedish police link [2026-10]

• Crypton.sh | privacy policy link [-]

• Simsup | service homepage link [2026-10]

• Nadanada | service homepage link [2026]

• Nadanada | privacy policy link [2026-10]

• Nadanada | LNVPN rebrand announcement link [2026-10]

• PikaSim | service homepage link [2026-10]

• Stealths.net | eSIM catalog link [2026-10]

• Crypton.sh | terms and conditions, virtual vs physical numbers and refund exclusions link [2026-10]

• Crypton.sh | travel eSIM guest checkout, refunds for unused plans that never activated link [2026-10]

• readySIM | legal notice, operator identity link [-]

• Simsup | privacy policy, records kept only as long as support, refunds, and tax law require link [2026-10]

• Simsup | terms, refund or replacement within 7 days for uninstalled eSIMs link [2026-10]

• nadanada | terms and conditions, 20-minute invoice cancellation and non-refundable rentals link [2026-10]

• PikaSim | FAQ, crypto refunds processed like card refunds link [2026-10]

• PikaSim | terms of service, activated eSIMs generally non-refundable link [2026-10]

• PikaSim | reseller API documentation, unused data eSIM cancellation and refund link [2026-10]

• PikaSim | warrant canary page, unsigned, update cadence inconsistent across vendor documents link [2026-10]

• Stealths.net | terms of service, no refunds for completed orders, no tracking systems link [2026-10]

• Stealths.net | FAQ, refund only if delivery fails link [2026-10]

• MySudo | subscription cancellation and refund policy link [2026]

• JMP.chat | service homepage link [2026]

• JMP.chat | FAQ link [2026-10]

• JMP.chat | data plan page link [-]

• JMP.chat | privacy policy link [-]

• JMP blog | SMS account verification link [2022]

• JMP wiki | why isn't my number accepted by an online service link [-]

• JMP on Reddit | official operator account comments link [-]

• MySudo | countries where MySudo is available link [2026]

• MySudo | supported countries for MySudo phone numbers link [2026]

• MySudo | why personal information is required for UK numbers link [2026]

• MySudo | plans page link [2026-10]

• MySudo | account locked (unsupported-country locks are permanent) link [-]

• MySudo | troubleshooting registration errors link [-]

• MySudo | using a VPN with MySudo (restricted egress points) link [-]

• MySudo | what information is required at setup link [-]

• Anonyome Labs | operator homepage link [2026-10]

• ReadySIM | service homepage link [2026]

• ReadySIM | pre-activated anonymous SIM product link [2026-10]

• ReadySIM | anonymous OTP SIM card product link [2026-10]

• SMSPool | official resellers (Monero route) link [2026-10]

• 5sim | service homepage link [2026-10]

• Textverified | service homepage link [2026-10]

• Tiger SMS | service homepage link [2026-10]

• sms4sats | service homepage link [2026-10]

• FelixMerchant | service homepage link [2026-10]

• FelixMerchant | payment options link [2026-10]

• JuicySMS | service homepage link [2026-10]

• JuicySMS | long-term number hire page link [2026-10]

• MoneroSMS | service homepage link [2026-10]

• Quackr | service homepage link [2026-10]

• Sonetel | service homepage link [2026]

• Sonetel | phone number limitations and verification rules link [-]

• Sonetel | standard account verification link [-]

• Andrews & Arnold | UK SIP2SIM link [2026]

• Andrews & Arnold | VoIP information link [-]

• giffgaff | SIM activation link [2026-10]

• giffgaff | activating your SIM, help article link [-]

• VoIP.ms | account verification wiki link [-]

• VoIP.ms | privacy policy link [-]

• Fragment | Telegram anonymous-numbers marketplace link [-]

• Signal | service homepage link [2026]

• WireGuard | protocol site link [2026]

• Tor Project | homepage link [2026]

• Monero | homepage link [2026]

• XMPP | protocol site link [2026]

• ProxyStore | cash-funded gift cards link [2026]

• Trocador | Monero exchange aggregator link [2026]

• Hushed | lifetime numbers offer ended 2025-05-29 link [2025-05]

• TwoLine | Hushed 90-day inactivity reclaim link [2026-04]

• Proton | Is Cloaked legit? An honest review link [-]

SMS-activation and number-rental vendor pages

• SMSPool | service homepage link [2026-10]

• SMSPool | Monero update: changes to direct payments link [2026-07]

• SMSPool | long-term rentals link [2026-10]

• 5sim | FAQ: phone number with long-term use (rentals "currently unavailable") link [2026-10]

• 5sim | personal policy PDF, consent-based collection of email, location, OS, browser, and device data, Google Analytics and Yandex.Metrica with 12-month user-identifying cookies, disclosure to inquiry bodies and the Federal Tax Service, rights served via [email protected] link [2026-10]

• 5sim | terms and conditions offer PDF, Russian-law vocabulary, UTC+7 reporting, no legal entity or governing law, US and Russia residents blocked link [2026-10]

• Tiger SMS | free public numbers tier link [2026-10]

• Tiger SMS | public offer, May 2022, operator MISUTECH LIMITED LTD of Hong Kong, Lithuanian governing law and courts, mandatory 60-day claim procedure, 50-ruble monthly account fee from the third month, unlimited amendment with a 14-day user check duty, 18+ age requirement, intermediary positioning link [2022-05]

• Tiger SMS | personal data and cookies policy, November 2021, operator MISUTECH LIMITED LTD, name and email at registration, IP and usage telemetry, enhanced verification data including passports on request, storage mainly in Germany with Russian citizens' data in Russia, defunct Privacy Shield cited as a transfer safeguard, sharing with partners, authorities, and analytics providers link [2021-11]

• Tiger SMS | payment, delivery, refund, and return policies, May 2023, no refunds after a received SMS and completed activation, automatic refund on cancellation without SMS, balance non-refundable after the first activation, 5-day versus 7-day claim window contradiction, 1-week deposit cutoff, hosting-template artifact link [2023-05]

• Tiger SMS | refund policy PDF, no refunds after a received SMS link [2023-05]

• FelixMerchant | rental phone number product link [2026-10]

• FelixMerchant | privacy policy, checkout email and name stored, Zoho chat with IP visibility in the support dashboard, Google Analytics, automated spam detection for comments, indefinite comment retention, WordPress boilerplate, silent on SMS retention link [2026-10]

• FelixMerchant | terms and conditions link [2026-10]

• FelixMerchant | refund policy link [2026-10]

• FelixMerchant | return and cancellation policy, instant full or partial refunds through the live chat for undelivered or partially delivered orders, more generous than the refund policy link [2026-10]

• FelixMerchant | FAQs link [2026-10]

• FelixMerchant | bulk Gmail accounts product, which shows the market the service actually serves link [2026-10]

• NOWPayments | KYC/AML policy link [2026-10]

• NOWPayments | about, non-custodial statement link [2026-10]

• SMSPool | privacy statement, stored data limited to what you provide link [2026-10]

• SMSPool | privacy policy, October 2026, full SMS text and verification codes stored until account deletion, one-way IP hashes, 30-day and 90-day cookies, Cloudflare link [2026-10]

• SMSPool | FAQ, eSIMs non-refundable link [2026-10]

• SMSPool | transparency report, 6 valid requests in 2025 and none so far in 2026, disclosed items limited to username, order and deposit history, attached email, password hash, and Stripe billing link [2026-10]

• 5sim | rules page link [2026-10]

• 5sim | manual, automatic refund when no SMS arrives link [2026-10]

• 5sim | refund policy document link [-]

• Textverified | FAQ, no refunds for cryptocurrency payments link [2026-10]

• Textverified | terms and conditions, refunds assessed case by case with denial permitted for any reason, cryptocurrency purchases may not be refunded, numbers not user property, sharing prohibited, verification-only liability window, 13+ age floor, modification at discretion, no governing law stated link [2026-10]

• Textverified | privacy policy, February 2026, name and email at registration, IP and browsing telemetry, Google Analytics and Microsoft Clarity, third-party advertising cookies, extended retention periods link [2026-02]

• sms4sats | FAQ, charged only for successfully provided codes, around 50 percent activation success rate, hold invoices with a 20-minute automatic refund, no recall of previously used numbers, Lightning Pay Kit bridge payments in other assets link [2026-10]

• sms4sats | API skill document, version 2.4.0, May 2026, receive-SMS orders refundable only, rentals and reactivations non-refundable, 3-minute manual cancellation window, 20-minute auto-cancel, SMS codes deleted after completion, minimal logging claim, temporary email activation product, HeroSMS upstream provider identifiers link [2026-05]

• JuicySMS | terms of service, February 2026, $10 minimum recharge, Stripe, Mollie, and Coinpayments payment processors, 10-minute rentals, numbers not user property, case-by-case refunds with the right to deny, 13+ age floor, Netherlands and EU governing law, binding arbitration, no legal entity named link [2026-02]

• JuicySMS | privacy policy, July 2026, email and password or Google and Apple social login, transaction records stored, advertising and analytics cookies including Meta and Reddit pixels and Crazy Egg, Sentry and JuicyHelp and Cloudflare, emergency disclosure clause, account deletion right, 18+ claim contradicting the 13+ terms, silent on SMS retention link [2026-07]

• MoneroSMS | terms of service, June 2024, operator VoidNetwork LLC, US, Missouri, and Canada law baseline, use-based refund trigger, banned users forfeit balance and numbers, instant and irrevocable cancellation at billing, deletion exemptions for legal and abuse prevention reasons, sanctions exclusions, upstream carrier disclaimer link [2024-06]

• Quackr | refund policy, case-by-case review and 10 business days for cards link [2026-10]

• PikaSim | private SMS verification (Quick SMS, long-term rentals, voice line) link [2026-10]

• PikaSim | guide: SMS verification without a phone number link [2026-10]

• Quackr | private number rentals link [2026-10]

• Quackr | free temporary numbers catalogue link [2026-10]

• Quackr ID | number, alias email, virtual cards, password manager, VPN link [2026-10]

• Quackr | privacy policy, Publisher First Inc. dba Quackr, an advertising-network policy rather than a phone-service policy, IDFA and Google Advertising ID collection, cross-device tracking, marketing-segment licensing to third parties, explicit refusal to honor Do Not Track, roughly 70 ad-tech vendors, US processing, JAMS New York arbitration under New York law link [2026-10]

• Quackr | terms of service, effective October 2025 and updated July 2026, Quackr Limited registered in Hong Kong, HKIAC arbitration, Stripe auto-renewing subscriptions, inactivity deletion, no storage obligation, funds freezing without notice, liability capped at the greater of $100 or 3 months of payments, EU withdrawal waiver on use link [2026-07]

• Quackr | about page link [2026-10]

• OKSMS | free public numbers site link [2026-10]

Other vendor pages added after reader review

• MySudo | account suspension article link [-]

• VoIP.ms | service homepage link [2026-10]

• Stripe | checkout processor referenced in SMSPool reports link [-]

• Cisco | ASR 5000 ePDG Administration Guide 21.27, User Equipment Identity in IKE_AUTH link [-]

KYCnot.me ratings

• KYCnot.me | SMSPool review link [2026-07-24]

• KYCnot.me | Silent.Link review link [2026]

• KYCnot.me | Crypton.sh review link [2026-08-01]

• KYCnot.me | Textverified review link [2026]

• KYCnot.me | JMP.chat review link [2026]

• KYCnot.me | Simsup review link [2026-10]

• KYCnot.me | Nadanada review link [2026-10]

• KYCnot.me | PikaSim review (community, unverified) link [2026-10]

• KYCnot.me | Stealths review link [2026-10]

• KYCnot.me | 5sim review (community submission) link [2026-10]

• KYCnot.me | sms4sats review link [2026-10]

• KYCnot.me | JuicySMS review link [2026-10]

• KYCnot.me | MoneroSMS review link [2026-10]

• KYCnot.me | Quackr review (community entry) link [2026-10]

News and analysis

• Privacy Guides | Signal enables phone-number-less registration in beta link [2026-09-16]

• Freedom of the Press | Signal introduces registration without a phone number link [2026-09]

• Privacy Guides | Telegram Fragment numbers now require KYC (thread) link [2024-11]

• PANews | Fragment introduces mandatory KYC via Sumsub link [2024-11-26]

• Privacy Guides | SMSPool removing direct Monero payments to comply with EU law link [2026-07-21]

• MySudo staff | history of the France/Germany exits, Privacy Guides reply link [2026-10-03]

• WhatsApp Blog | Strict Account Settings link [2026-01-27]

• WhatsApp Help Center | about linked devices (14-day rule) link [-]

• WhatsApp Help Center | registration and two-step verification link [-]

• TechCrunch | WhatsApp rolls out Strict Account Settings link [2026-01]

• MacRumors | WhatsApp launches Strict Account Settings link [2026-01]

• Bitcoin Magazine | LNVPN rebrands to nadanada.me link [-]

• rikka.moe | complete giffgaff UK SIM card guide link [2026-05]

Directories, reviews, and reputation records

Automated validators and single-service review sites are low-credibility by nature. They are kept here because the guide cites their figures, and each carries its own caveat where relevant.

• kycnot.me | no-KYC services directory root link [-]

• kycnot.me | blog, hands-on service reviews link [2026-10]

• kycnot.me | pending community-submitted services (some might be scams) link [2026-10]

• The New Oil | VoIP guide (surviving reference of the retired Techlore forum lineage) link [-]

• Awesome Privacy | privacy-tools directory link [-]

• Awesome Privacy | Crypton.sh directory page, pricing and payment notes link [2026-10]

• Awesome Privacy | MoneroSMS directory page (beta since 2022) link [-]

• Cryptwerk | Silent.Link directory entry link [-]

• ScamAdviser | crypton.sh risk check link [2026-10]

• ScamAdviser | jmp.chat automated review link [2026-06]

• Scam Detector | jmp.chat automated review (contradicts ScamAdviser, both low credibility) link [-]

• ScamAdviser | felixmerchant.com link [2026-10]

• Gridinsoft | felixmerchant.com (79/100, domain registered 2018) link [2026-10]

• sms-activater.com | SMSPool review (Trustpilot 3.1 across 398) link [2026-08]

• sms-activater.com | Quackr review link [2026]

• No Trust Verify blog | sms4sats review (4-hour rental claim, outdated) link [-]

• BlackHatWorld | SMSPool vendor thread link [-]

• BlackHatWorld | long-term number rental discussion link [-]

• digitalprivacy.shop | VoIP comparison (low credibility) link [-]

• Infosec Institute | SS7 protocol: how hackers might find you link [-]

• Princeton University | Recycled Phone Numbers study PDF link [2022-05]

• Wi Not Calling | author-hosted PDF link [2018-12]

• anonesim.io | Anonymous SIM Card in 2026: what still works link [2026]

Community discussion index by service

Community threads are the fastest-moving layer. Read them for current sentiment, outage reports, and platform-acceptance changes, and treat individual posts as anecdotes. The threads below were verified to exist as of October 2026.

Cash prepaid SIM route (general)

• Privacy Guides | Burner Phone Numbers and Digital Footprint (poll) link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | Is there a way to get a SIM anonymously in Europe? link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | List of countries you can get a mobile number without ID link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | What can you use instead of a SIM card to communicate anonymously? link [-]

• Reddit r/MapPorn | European countries with ability to buy anonymous SIM link [-]

• Reddit r/europrivacy | Anonymous SIM cards link [-]

• Privacy Guides | Fully anonymous SIM card options link [2023-12]

• Privacy Guides | Where to buy burner phone numbers? link [2024-08]

• Privacy Guides | So in Europe, it's impossible to get a phone number without personal info? link [2025-06]

• GrapheneOS forum | EU anonym SIM cards and experiences link [-]

• GrapheneOS forum | Disposable eSIMs guide link [-]

• OffshoreCorpTalk | Anonymous SIM Cards in Europe (2026): Privacy and eSIM Guide link [2026]

ReadySIM

• Trustpilot | readySIM.eu reviews link [2026-06]

• Reddit r/privacy | readySIM named as an anonymous Dutch SIM source with Dutch top-up vouchers link [-]

Silent.Link

• Privacy Guides | Experience with Silent.link? link [-]

• Privacy Guides | eSIM options for texting, calling, and data link [-]

• Privacy Guides | eSIM activation, Wi-Fi needed, security risk (GrapheneOS) link [-]

• Reddit r/PrivacyGuides | Is silent.link Anonymous eSIM trustworthy? link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | What's your experience using silent link? link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | Silent.Link legit? link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | Is anybody using eSIMs from silent.link? link [-]

• Reddit r/best_eSIM_providers | compared top anonymous no-KYC eSIM providers link [-]

• Techlore | Anonymous Phone Numbers Are Here with Silent Link (video) link [-]

• GrapheneOS forum | Anonymous eSIM service thread link [-]

• GrapheneOS forum | Tested the no-KYC eSIM providers on GrapheneOS, results on what works best link [2026-10]

• Reddit r/GrapheneOS | Anonymous eSIM options that work well with GrapheneOS? link [-]

Simsup

• GrapheneOS forum | EU anonym SIMs, where the simsup links circulated link [-]

• Cryptwerk | SimSup directory entry link [-]

• Reddit | u/simsup-net vendor account link [-]

• Gridinsoft | simsup.net site check link [-]

• Scam Detector | simsup.net validator report link [-]

Nadanada

• mybestsim | nadanada review link [2026]

• Bitcoin Magazine | rebrand coverage link [-]

• nadanada blog | no-KYC eSIM providers compared, unactivated plans refundable link [2026-10]

• esimdb | travel eSIM user reviews hub link [-]

PikaSim

• Reddit r/best_eSIM_providers | PikaSim compared with Silent.Link, 15 months of use link [-]

• mybestsim | PikaSim review, 3/5 verified rating link [2026-09]

• Reddit r/eSIMs | Tried a new eSIM provider called Pikasim link [-]

• Reddit r/digitalnomad | Thoughts on PikaSim or other eSIMs for digital nomads link [-]

Stealths.net

• Reddit r/Monero | Stealths beta launch announcement link [-]

• Reddit r/Monero | honest review of the new Stealths service link [-]

• monero.town | Stealths VISA prepaid card discussion link [-]

• Trustpilot | Stealths.net reviews link [-]

JMP.chat

• Privacy Guides | SMSPool or JMP.chat for long-term phone numbers? link [2026-03]

• Privacy Guides | JMP.chat EU number and payment (the Sonetel bridge) link [-]

• Privacy Guides | What is a jmp.chat eSIM adapter? link [-]

• Privacy Guides | Calling and texting with JMP VoIP through the included Snikket XMPP server link [-]

• Privacy Guides | Using VoIP for phone numbers: is it actually worth it? link [-]

• Privacy Guides | phone number isolation setup with a JMP number link [-]

• Privacy Guides | one-time code verification, JMP acceptance link [-]

• Privacy Guides | JMP.chat for Swedish numbers? link [-]

• Privacy Guides | cheapest way to a real phone number long-term link [2026-02]

• Privacy Guides community wiki | Switch on these settings to secure your phone numbers link [-]

• Reddit r/NoContract | jmp.chat plan discussion link [-]

• Reddit r/PrivacyGuides | Do you use JMP.chat? link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | Jmp.chat is safe? link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | Alternative to JMP.chat (message-censoring complaints) link [-]

• Reddit r/degoogle | Is JMP.chat/Cheogram a trustworthy alternative to MySudo? link [-]

• Soprani.ca wiki | JMP-adjacent documentation hub (AASetup) link [-]

• Privacy Guides | VoIP provider for Australia. MySudo has no AU numbers, and VoIP.ms has no SMS outside US/CA link [2025-04]

MySudo

• Privacy Guides | VoIP/SMS providers without KYC in EU/Germany (MySudo staff reply) link [2026-10]

• Privacy Guides | Any MySudo alternatives in EU? link [2024-03]

• Privacy Guides | MySudo users? How do you pay? link [-]

• Privacy Guides | Passing Pre-ID verification checks link [-]

• GrapheneOS forum | EU alternatives for privacy.com, MySudo or Google Voice link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | MySudo reliability (travel and account-lock reports) link [-]

• Reddit r/PrivacySecurityOSINT | Mysudo nuked my account (unsupported-country accusation) link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | My Sudo alternative for Europe link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | VOIP MySudo or Google Voice in Germany link [-]

• Trustpilot | MySudo reviews link [-]

• App Store | MySudo ratings and reviews (unsupported-country lock complaint) link [-]

• Google Play | MySudo listing link [-]

SMSPool

• Privacy Guides | SMSPool updates their ToS, more data for high-risk services link [-]

• Privacy Guides | SMSPool removing direct Monero payments (EU law) link [2026-07-21]

• Privacy Guides | SMSPool now accepts cash payments link [-]

• Privacy Guides | How do I bypass phone number verification via calls? link [2025-08]

• Reddit | r/smspool (vendor subreddit) link [-]

• Reddit r/digitalnomad | Opinion on virtual number and SMS verification services link [-]

• Trustpilot | SMSPool reviews link [-]

• Privacy Guides | Looking for an SMS pool alternative since they removed XMR link [2026-09]

5sim

• Privacy Guides | SMS verification services thread (5sim experiences and auto-refund reports) link [2026-04]

• Reddit r/AskTechnology | Is 5sim still working properly for SMS verification? link [-]

• Reddit r/PrivateInternetAccess | Temporary numbers as a privacy tool (5sim review) link [-]

• Reddit r/NoContract | SMS verification providers that still work in 2026 link [2026]

• Trustpilot | 5sim reviews link [-]

Textverified

• Privacy Guides | How do you create a Google account privately? (temp number services) link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | Drawbacks of textverified.com link [-]

• Reddit r/SwipeHelper | Textverified is a scam (negative report) link [-]

• Reddit r/Telegram | Is it safe to use Textverified for Telegram registration? link [-]

• Reddit r/beermoney | Phone verification service reviews link [-]

• Trustpilot | Textverified reviews link [-]

Tiger SMS

• Trustpilot | Tiger SMS reviews link [-]

• Reddit | u/tiger-sms (vendor account) link [-]

• Reddit | Grizzly SMS comparison thread (Tiger SMS card-payment complaint) link [-]

• Note that no kycnot.me listing and no independent reputation record exist. The vendor's country-coverage and rental claims are unverified, and no rental page was reachable at the vendor.

FelixMerchant (thin independent record, flagged in the guide)

• Privacy Guides | SMS verification services thread (felixmerchant mention) link [2026-04]

• Reddit r/SwipeHelper | Does Felix Merchant work? link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | SMS verification (felixmerchant free number report) link [-]

• Reddit r/Tinder | Anyone tried Felix Merchant for a Tinder number? link [-]

• Reddit | r/FelixMerchant (vendor subreddit) link [-]

• Scam Detector | felixmerchant.com validator report link [-]

• Trustpilot | FelixMerchant reviews link [-]

• Note that no kycnot.me listing exists. The crypto processor (NOWPayments) is reader-confirmed checkout evidence, not vendor-published.

Crypton.sh

• Privacy Guides | my journey without KYC, long-term Crypton in daily use link [-]

• Reddit r/privacytoolsIO | crypton.sh no longer working (support complaint) link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | Alternatives to crypton.sh? link [-]

• Reddit r/privacytoolsIO | Encrypted SMS service, crypton.sh reviews needed link [-]

• Reddit r/PrivacyGuides | Rent non-VoIP number for SMS (not crypton.sh, blocking reports) link [-]

• GitHub | privacytools.io issue 1475, Crypton.sh software suggestion link [-]

• SaaSHub | Crypton.sh reviews link [-]

• Trustpilot | crypton.sh reviews link [2026-10]

• cryptonreviews.com | single-vendor review site, treat as possibly affiliated link [2026]

• Privacy Guides | Second number for French resident. Long-term Crypton rental in daily use link [2024-06]

Quackr

• Privacy Guides | Quackr.io KYC'd me when I added my bank, refused BTC refund link [-]

• Reddit r/digitalnomad | quackr.io usage report link [-]

• Trustpilot | quackr reviews link [-]

• ScamAdviser | quackr.io legitimacy check link [-]

• SaaSHub | quackr reviews link [-]

Sonetel bridge and UK options

• Privacy Guides | VoIP service recommendations (Sonetel DID bridge, A&S) link [-]

• Privacy Guides | Any privacy VoIP providers in Europe? link [2025-12]

• Privacy Guides | VoIP service for EU? link [-]

• Reddit r/privacy | Recommendations for VoIP providers in EU link [-]

Country routes: cash prepaid SIM without ID

Czech Republic

• Reddit r/privacy | SIM without KYC link [-]

• Reddit r/Prague | SIM cards link [-]

• Reddit r/czech | Czech SIM for a foreigner link [-]

• Reddit r/czechrepublic | SIM card without registration link [-]

• Reddit r/Prague | tourist cell service link [-]

• Prepaid SIM wiki | Czech Republic link [-]

Netherlands

• Reddit r/Netherlands | prepaid SIM without verification in NL link [-]

• Anoniem Internetten | prepaid anonymity in the Netherlands link [-]

Denmark

• Reddit r/NewToDenmark | prepaid SIM bought at Copenhagen airport link [-]

• Reddit r/NewToDenmark | Danish prepaid SIM card link [-]

• Reddit r/NewToDenmark | SIM card link [-]

Romania

• Reddit r/Romania | prepaid cards with ID ruled unconstitutional, discussed link [-]

• Reddit r/Romania | can I still buy prepaid without ID link [-]

• Reddit r/Romania | Digi Mobil prepaid without ID link [-]

• Reddit r/AskRomania | prepaid eSIM without Romanian ID link [-]

Finland

• Reddit r/Finland | getting a new SIM card link [-]

• Reddit r/Finland | getting mobile ID in Finland link [-]

• Reddit r/Finland | mobile plans in Finland and Estonia link [-]

• Monito | best prepaid SIM in Finland link [-]

• Nordic Expat | mobile phones and SIM cards in Finland link [-]

United Kingdom

• Reddit r/eSIMs | UK eSIM provider without ID link [-]

• rikka.moe | complete giffgaff UK SIM card guide, no-ID activation confirmed link [2026-05]

• giffgaff community | SIM registration/assignment discussion link [-]

Ireland

• Reddit r/ireland | prepaid SIM without passport link [-]

• Reddit r/AskIreland | cell service in Ireland link [-]

• Reddit r/TravelHacks | SIM for EU/UK use link [-]

Croatia

• Reddit r/europrivacy | privacy of SIM cards link [-]

• Reddit r/europe | European countries requiring registration link [-]

• Reddit r/askcroatia | travelling to Croatia, best SIM option link [-]

Portugal

• Reddit r/privacy | anonymous SIM cards in Europe link [-]

• Hacker News | Portugal prepaid SIM bought and used without showing ID (2018 discussion) link [2018]

• Monito | best prepaid SIM cards in Portugal link [-]

• Traveltomtom | prepaid SIM in Portugal, expects registration and waiting time at airport counters (contradicting report) link [2026]

• Prepaid SIM wiki | Portugal link [-]

Estonia

• Reddit r/Eesti | which ISP and mobile to buy link [-]

• Prepaid SIM wiki | Estonia link [-]

• All Net Packages | prepaid SIM cards in Estonia guide, states a passport or ID is needed for registration (contradicting report) link [-]

• Estonia Unlocked | staying connected in Estonia, claims compulsory registration with valid identification for all new prepaid SIM cards since January 2024 (contradicting report) link [-]

• Gigago | how to buy a prepaid SIM card for Estonia, instructs travellers to bring a passport for registration (contradicting report) link [-]

Bosnia

• Reddit r/bosnia | SIM card for Bosnia link [-]

• Prepaid SIM wiki | Bosnia and Herzegovina link [-]

• Too Many Adapters | SIM cards in Bosnia require no registration and no ID, first-hand Sarajevo purchase link [-]

• Mauka Travels | first-hand tourist purchase of a BH Telecom prepaid SIM in Bosnia link [-]

• esim.net | Bosnia SIM card guide, instructs travellers to bring a passport or ID for registration (contradicting report) link [2026]

Countries that left the list (Lithuania, Latvia, Slovenia)

• Reddit r/lithuania | prepaid registration law discussed link [-]

• For Foreigners Slovenia | registration now required link [-]

Messengers and the number question

• Privacy Guides | They Asked for My Cell Number, I Don't Have One (Naomi Brockwell TV thread, fabricated-number habit) link [2026-02]

• Privacy Guides | SMS verification services like SMS-Pool, 5sim link [2026-04]

• Privacy Guides | advice for mobile for bank 2FA link [2024-10]

• Privacy Guides | long-term SMS rental for Japan/South Korea link [2026-08]

• Privacy Guides | VoIP provider database project link [2026-02]

• Privacy Guides | database of VoIP providers per country codes link [2026-02]

• Privacy Guides | should PG recommend services for non-US people link [2025-09]

• Privacy Guides | advice on VoIP phone services without cellphone verification link [2025-06]

• Privacy Guides | phone number privacy solution for the rest of the world link [2024-08]

• Privacy Guides | how much exactly do you need to protect a phone number link [2024-05]

• Privacy Guides | what is the best virtual phone number service link [2024-02]

• Privacy Guides | help getting into a social media site without a personal number link [2023-06]

• Reddit r/signal | Registering Signal with VoIP and landline numbers link [-]

• Reddit r/PrivacyGuides | Apps that give a randomly generated phone number link [-]

DIY variant (reprogrammable SIMs plus travel eSIMs)

• GrapheneOS forum | disposable eSIM guide link [-]

• Reddit r/eSIMs | 5ber eSIM review, Samsung baseband erase link [-]

Background reference (Wikipedia definitional articles)

The guide links Wikipedia articles inline for term definitions. They are background references, not evidence.

• Wikipedia | SIM card link [-]

• Wikipedia | International mobile subscriber identity link [-]

• Wikipedia | International Mobile Equipment Identity link [-]

• Wikipedia | IMSI-catcher link [-]

• Wikipedia | Signalling System No. 7 link [-]

• Wikipedia | SIM swap attack link [-]

• Wikipedia | eSIM link [-]

• Wikipedia | Voice over IP link [-]

• Wikipedia | Voice over Wi-Fi link [-]

• Wikipedia | Evolved Packet Core link [-]

• Wikipedia | IP Multimedia Subsystem link [-]

• Wikipedia | Session Initiation Protocol link [-]

• Wikipedia | IPsec link [-]

• Wikipedia | Internet Key Exchange link [-]

• Wikipedia | VPN service link [-]

• Wikipedia | WireGuard link [-]

• Wikipedia | Tor (network) link [-]

• Wikipedia | One-time password link [-]

• Wikipedia | Time-based one-time password link [-]

• Wikipedia | Passkey link [-]

• Wikipedia | Multi-factor authentication link [-]

• Wikipedia | Domain Name System link [-]

• Wikipedia | User Datagram Protocol link [-]

• Wikipedia | Transmission Control Protocol link [-]

• Wikipedia | Roaming link [-]

• Wikipedia | Monero link [-]

• Wikipedia | Lightning Network link [-]

• Wikipedia | Zcash link [-]

• Wikipedia | Know your customer link [-]

• Wikipedia | Altcoin link [-]

• Wikipedia | PayPal link [-]

• Wikipedia | Binance link [-]

• Wikipedia | Tron (blockchain) link [-]

• Wikipedia | eBay link [-]

• Wikipedia | Odido link [-]

• Wikipedia | KPN link [-]

• Wikipedia | Lebara link [-]

• Wikipedia | Vodafone link [-]

• Wikipedia | Bluetooth link [-]

• Wikipedia | Closed-circuit television link [-]

• Wikipedia | Front end and back end link [-]

• Wikipedia | European Court of Human Rights link [-]

• Wikipedia | Patrick Breyer link [-]

• Wikipedia | Ofcom link [-]

• Wikipedia | Federal Communications Commission link [-]

• Wikipedia | Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) link [-]